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EXTORTION, ROBBERY AND DACOITY

Extortion (Section 383):

Extortion is an offense under Sec-383 Indian Penal Code,Whoever intentionally puts any person in fear of any injury to that person so put in fear to deliver to any person any property or valuable security or anything signed or sealed which may be converted into a valuable security, commits extortion. Moveable or immoveable property may be taken under extortion.

Eg:

1) A threatens to publish a libel against Z, unless Z gives money. Here A has induced Z to give him the money. Therefore A is guilty.

2) A keeps B's child in wrongful confinement, and, demands from B Rs. 25,000 A is guilty of extortion.

Robbery (Section 390):

Robbery is an offence under Sec-390 of IPC. In all the cases of Robbery there is either theft or extortion.

1) When theft is robbery:

Theft is robbery if the offender in order to commit theft or to carry away the property so obtained by theft, voluntarily causes to any person death or hurt or wrongful restraint (or fear of death or instant hurt or wrongful restraint).

E.g

A is standing on the doorway. B pulls him out into a ditch, enters the house, and takes away jewels. This is robbery (Theft + Force = Robbery).

2) When extortion is robbery:

Extortion is robbery, if the offender at the time of committing extortion in the presence of the person, puts in fear of instant death or hurt or wrongful restraint. The offender by so putting the person in fear induces to deliver up the property then and there.

E.g:

a) A has kept ready the goods after committing theft but he is caught by B. A puts B in fear of instant death and takes away the goods. This is robbery.

b) A meets Z on the road, shows-a pistol and demands Z's purse. Z surrenders the purse. A has put Z in fear of instant hurt forcing Z to deliver the purse then and there. A has committed robbery.

Dacoity (Section 391):

If 5 or more persons jointly commit robbery then it is dacoity. Hence in dacoity, there is robbery done by a group of persons five or more in number.

Eg:

1) A with his four friends wrote a letter to Z "Your child is in our hands, if you do not bring Rs.2, 50,000 to a particular place to-day evening, you will get only the dead body". Z pays the money. This is Dacoity. The reason is there are 5 persons.

2) A, with his four associates, keeps Z in fear of instant death of Z's child, by throwing it down the hill, and demands Rs.20,000. Z pays then and there the amount. This is Dacoity.

Difference between Extortion and Robbery:





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