Different stages of Crime

It involves 4 stages:

1) Intention
2) Preparation
3) Attempt
4) Accomplishment

Different Stages of Crime:

1. Intention:

It is the first stage in the commission of an offence.

Intention means to do an act in the future.
Criminal intention means designing of doing an act that is forbidden by the criminal law without Just Cause or excuse.

It is difficult for a prosecution to prove the guilty intention of a person to commit an offence.
Intention to commit the crime is not punishable unless it is made to know to other either by words or by conduct.

Eg: Waging War against the Government, sedition etc.

2. Preparation:

The second stage in commission of a crime is “Preparation”.
Preparation means “to arrange the means or measures which are necessary for the commission of the criminal act”.
Preparation is the action of preparing or getting ready.

It is very difficult for the prosecution to prove that necessary preparation has been made for the commission of the offence.

Eg: Purchasing a knife with the intention to kill someone is not a crime because it cannot be determined whether the knife was purchased for killing someone or to cut the vegetables.

Preparation is punishable under IPC for the following offences like Waging War, Preparation to commit a dacoit, Preparation to counterfeiting the coins and stamps, forging documents etc.

3. Attempt:

The third stage in the commission of a crime is “Attempt”. It is also known as “Preliminary Crime”.

To constitute an Attempt, there must be:
a) Guilty intention to commit an offence
b) Some act done towards the commission of the crime, c) The act shall fall short of the completed offence.

Eg: Section-302 describes punishment for Murder and Section-307 describes Attempt to Murder which is punishable.

In R V

Linnekar

In this case, A took a loaded revolver out of his pocket and said repeatedly that he is going to kill B.
His revolver was seized. However, he was guilty for an attempt to murder.

4. Accomplishment:
The last stage of commission of the crime is Accomplishment.

If the accused succeeds in his attempt, he is guilty of the offence. In other words, the act is accomplished.
Eg: A fires at B with an intention to kill him.

If B dies, A is guilty of Murder.
If B is injured, A is guilty of Attempt to murder.

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